機(jī)器人技術(shù)早用于工業(yè)優(yōu)先域，但隨著機(jī)器人技術(shù)的發(fā)展和各行業(yè)需求的提升，在計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、MEMS技術(shù)等新技術(shù)發(fā)展的推動(dòng)下，近年來(lái)，機(jī)器人技術(shù)正從傳統(tǒng)的工業(yè)制造優(yōu)先域向醫(yī)療服務(wù)、教育娛樂(lè)、勘探勘測(cè)、生物工程、救災(zāi)救援等優(yōu)先域迅速擴(kuò)展，適應(yīng)不同優(yōu)先域需求的機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)被深入研究和開(kāi)發(fā)。
Robot technology was first used in the industrial field, but with the development of robot technology and the improvement of the needs of various industries, and driven by the development of computer technology, network technology, MEMS technology and other new technologies, in recent years, robot technology is rapidly expanding from the traditional industrial manufacturing field to the fields of medical service, education and entertainment, exploration and survey, bioengineering, disaster relief and rescue Robot systems with different requirements in different fields have been deeply researched and developed.
廣義上，機(jī)器人包括一切模擬人類行為或思想以及模擬其他生物的機(jī)械，如機(jī)器狗、機(jī)器貓等。目前，智能機(jī)器人已成為世界各國(guó)的研究熱點(diǎn)之一，成為衡量一國(guó)工業(yè)化水平的重要標(biāo)志。
In a broad sense, robots include all the machines that simulate human behavior or thought and other creatures, such as robot dogs, robot cats, etc. At present, intelligent robot has become one of the research hotspots in the world and an important symbol to measure the industrialization level of a country.
可以說(shuō)，過(guò)去幾十年，機(jī)器人技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用，大大推動(dòng)了人類的工業(yè)化和現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程，并逐步形成了機(jī)器人的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，使機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用范圍也日趨廣泛。在機(jī)器人嶄露頭角于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的同時(shí)，與機(jī)器人相關(guān)的技術(shù)研究，也在不斷深入。在這一發(fā)展歷程中，傳感器技術(shù)如影隨行，密不可分。
It can be said that in the past few decades, the research and application of robot technology has greatly promoted the process of industrialization and modernization of human beings, and gradually formed the industrial chain of robots, so that the application scope of robots has become more and more extensive. With the emergence of robots in industrial production, the technology research related to robots is also in-depth. In this development process, sensor technology is inseparable.
1961年，美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院Lincoln實(shí)驗(yàn)室把一個(gè)配有接觸傳感器的遙控操縱器的從動(dòng)部分與一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)結(jié)在一起，這樣形成的機(jī)器人可以憑觸覺(jué)決定物體的狀態(tài)。隨后，用電視攝像頭作為輸入的計(jì)算機(jī)圖像處理、物體辨識(shí)的研究工作也陸續(xù)取得成果。1968年，美國(guó)斯坦福人工智能實(shí)驗(yàn)室的J.McCarthy等人研究了新穎的課題——研制帶有手、眼、耳的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。于是，智能機(jī)器人的研究形象逐漸豐滿起來(lái)。
In 1961, the Lincoln Laboratory of Massachusetts Institute of technology linked the driven part of a remote control manipulator equipped with a contact sensor with a computer, so that the robot can determine the state of an object by its touch. Subsequently, the research work of computer image processing and object identification using TV camera as input has also made achievements. In 1968, J. McCarthy and others of Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory studied a new project, the development of computer system with hands, eyes and ears. As a result, the research image of intelligent robot is becoming more and more abundant.
20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)，機(jī)器人產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃興起，機(jī)器人技術(shù)發(fā)展為專門(mén)的學(xué)科。工業(yè)機(jī)器人在汽車(chē)制造業(yè)的流水